“Utilitarianism: A Consequential Framework for Decision-Making
This theory equips decision-makers with a systematic approach to assess the potential effects of their decisions. By considering the balance of beneficial and harmful consequences, utilitarianism helps create a framework for choosing policies and actions that promote the greatest good.”
“In today’s data-driven world, the significance of ethical theories may seem obscure, but their relevance extends far beyond academic circles. As we navigate complex decision-making and ethical dilemmas, particularly in governance, the guidance of ethical theories proves invaluable. In this series, Ethics Simplified, we’ll explore the fundamental concepts that shape our moral compass.
Let’s begin with Utilitarianism, a theory pioneered by Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill. Bentham, a child prodigy who mastered Latin at three, later became a renowned philosopher, economist, and legal scholar. He, along with Mill, sought to determine the optimal moral course of action through the lens of utility.
So, what is Utilitarianism? At its core, utility refers to the net benefits derived from an action. Utilitarianism posits that an action is ethically right if it yields the greatest sum of utilities compared to alternative actions. In essence, Bentham advocated for evaluating actions based on their ability to maximize happiness and minimize suffering for all stakeholders. This philosophy is encapsulated in Bentham’s iconic phrase: “The greatest good for the greatest number.”
Through this series, we’ll delve into the practical applications of ethical theories like Utilitarianism, exploring their significance in our personal and professional lives, as well as their impact on governance and decision-making.”
Vaccination drive during COVID 19
“Let’s consider some real-world examples to illustrate the application of Utilitarianism. During the pandemic, the vaccination drive was a prime example of maximizing happiness. While some individuals expressed concerns about vaccine efficacy, the overarching goal of ensuring community survival took precedence. The benefits of vaccination far outweighed the perceived risks, making it a utilitarian decision.
Another example is the implementation of lockdowns. Although debates surrounding their timing, scope, and restrictions ensued, the primary objective of minimizing harm and protecting public health remained paramount. By prioritizing the greater good, lockdowns exemplified a utilitarian approach to decision-making.
These examples demonstrate how Utilitarianism guides choices in complex situations, prioritizing actions that promote the greatest happiness for the greatest number. By weighing the potential benefits and harms, decision-makers can make informed choices that maximize overall well-being.”
Recent incident in UPSC coaching hub and Utilitarianism…
Three students lost their lives at a UPSC coaching centre in Delhi’s Old Rajinder Nagar due to flooding in its basement. (Express photo)
“Utilitarianism provides a moral compass for evaluating decisions and actions, distinguishing right from wrong. Cheating, apathy, and negligence are deemed morally wrong as they fail to promote the greatest happiness. The recent tragic events in UPSC coaching institutes, despite their financial success and benefits to aspirants, highlight the need for a utilitarian assessment. The cost-benefit analysis, akin to economic utility, reveals the inefficiency of prioritizing profits over students’ well-being.
Policy makers can draw valuable insights from utilitarianism, creating a framework that weighs the beneficial and harmful consequences of decisions. John Stuart Mill’s wisdom guides policy formulation in democratic governments, striving for a welfare state. He emphasizes the importance of considering the happiness of all concerned, not just the decision-maker’s own. Mill also invokes the golden rule, “To do as you would be done by,” and “to love your neighbour as yourself,” as the ideal perfection of utilitarian morality. This philosophy encourages policy makers to prioritize the greater good, ensuring decisions promote the well-being of all.”
Rahul Dravid and Utilitarianism…
“Rahul Dravid’s remarkable gesture of refusing a Rs 5 crore paycheck, opting instead for pay parity with his assistants, is a shining example of utilitarianism in action. After the Indian men’s cricket team’s T20 World Cup victory, Dravid chose to maximize happiness among his team members and staff by accepting only Rs 2.5 crore, the same amount as his assistants. This selfless act redefined the concept of utility, shifting the focus from personal gain to collective well-being. Dravid’s decision not only embodied the spirit of utilitarianism but also revitalized its ethical significance, moving beyond economic interpretations to a morally guided philosophy that prioritizes the greater good.”
So what…
itarianism is more aptly understood as a philosophy that prioritizes maximizing happiness or desired outcomes, rather than merely minimizing costs. At its core, utilitarianism aims to create policies and benefits that promote the betterment of the community, thereby achieving the greatest good for the greatest number. By focusing on the desired output of happiness and well-being, utilitarianism guides decision-making towards actions that benefit the majority, rather than just being driven by cost considerations.”
Post Read Question for UPSC Mains:
“Balancing Individual Interests for the Greater Good: The Essence of a Harmonious Society”
“The author, a renowned expert in ethics and values, has written extensively on the subject, including the books ‘Being Good’, ‘Aaiye, Insaan Banaen’, and ‘Ethikos: Stories Searching Happiness’. With a strong academic background, holding two PhDs, one in Gandhian Studies and the other in Ethical Decision Making from IIT Delhi, he has taught and trained numerous individuals in ethics and values. His expertise has been sought by esteemed organizations such as UPSC, SAARC countries, Civil Services Academy, National Centre for Good Governance, CBI, and CCI. Currently, he writes for the UPSC Ethics Simplified series, providing insights on ethics and values for aspiring civil servants.”
The Indian Express UPSC Essentials brings to you the August edition of its monthly magazine. Click Here to read.
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